English has many words with more than one meaning – for example: ‘can’ – to be able to; tin receptacle. Many foreign language words also have multiple definitions. How can you ensure that you choose the correct one? Mistakes can be embarrassing!
Instead of searching for a single word, prepare a list of synonyms (words that mean close to the same thing).
========== The Word ‘Can’ ==========
If you want to find the word that means ‘can’ as in ‘to be able to’, your list might be something like this:
can
able
capable
Now, if you search for ‘can’ in foreign language dictionaries, you might discover the following in the English-[Foreign Language] section:
* German *
Büchse, Dose, Kanister, können, dürfen
You know that German capitalizes all nouns, so you eliminate the first three words. The main definition for ‘können’ is ‘to be able to’, and the main definition for ‘dürfen’ is ‘to be allowed to’. Therefore, the correct word in this case is likely ‘können’.
* French *
poubelle, arrosoir, pouvoir
‘Poubelle’ means ‘garbage can’; ‘arrosoir’ means ‘watering-can’; and ‘pouvoir’ means ‘to be able to’. The correct word in French is probably ‘pouvoir’.
* Portuguese *
lata, ferro-velho, poder
‘Lata’ means ‘can, tin, tin can’; ‘ferro-velho’ means ‘garbage can’; and ‘poder’ means ‘to be able to’. The correct word in Portuguese would most likely be ‘poder’.
========== The Word ‘Check’ ==========
‘Check’ can mean ‘check mark’; ‘bill at a restaurant’; ‘part of a pattern of squares’; ‘to ensure or confirm’. If we are looking for the definition that means ‘to ensure or confirm’ we might make the following list:
check
ensure
verify
confirm
Now let’s see what we find when we investigate the word ‘check’:
* German *
Rechnung, Beschränkung, überprüfen, kontrollieren, Kontrolle, nachprüfen
First we remove the capitalized words (nouns). This leaves three words to research: ‘überprüfen’ (to examine, check); ‘kontrollieren’ (to control, supervise, to check); ‘nachprüfen’ (to check, verify); therefore, ‘nachprüfen’ appears to be most similar to our desired definition.
* Italian *
A search in an Italian dictionary gives us the following partial list:
controllare, verificare, assegno, assegno bancario
‘Controllare’ (to audit, check, check up on, supervise, verify); ‘verificare’ (to audit, check, check up on, supervise, verify); ‘assegno’ (check, cheque); and ‘assegno bancario’ (check, cheque).
It would appear that either ‘controllare’ or ‘verificare’ would suffice.
* Swedish *
The list of results:
besiktiga, kontrollera, check
Reverse-lookup gives us these definitions: ‘besiktiga’ (inspect, audit, check, check up on, supervise, verify); ‘kontrollera’ (audit, check, check up on, supervise, verify); and ‘check’ (check, cheque).
It seems that we could use either ‘besiktiga’ or ‘kontrollera’.
========== Resources ==========
Use your common sense, books, people, and the resources on your computer.
Whenever possible, try to find a dictionary that includes example sentences. Seeing a word used in context is the best way to zero in on its exact meaning.
Word processor thesauri and grammar functions will be valuable assets. Online dictionaries are plentiful – use them whenever you can. Make sure that you have at least one recently published printed dictionary and/or thesaurus nearby. When in doubt, try to get advice from a teacher, a friend who speaks the language, or an online forum.
Now, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. That’s the way we learn. Whenever possible try to use words in everyday speech. Remember: your language learning will progress more quickly if you don’t obsess over errors. Read more other articles about premier credit card and zero percent credit cards.
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When learning a new language, it is always useful to be familiar with its main grammatical units. This constitutes the first necessary step in order to understand and create meaningful speech.
Here are the main grammatical elements in Spanish and some useful information about them:
Nouns:
A noun is a word which is mostly used to refer to a person or thing. All nouns in Spanish have a gender, meaning that they are either masculine or feminine. For example, “niño” (boy) is masculine and “niña” (girl) is feminine. The best way to identify gender is undoubtedly experience, although here are some general guidelines which may be useful at the beginning: usually nouns ending in –o are masculine and nouns ending in –a are feminine. Of course there are always exceptions.
For example, “mano” (hand) and “radio” (radio) are feminine. On the other hand, words of Greek origin ending in –ma, such as “dilema” (dilemma) or “problema” (problem) are masculine. When you are learning new vocabulary, it is recommendable that you learn a noun together with its corresponding article. That will help you to remember their gender. For example “la niña”, “la mano” or “el problema” and “el niño”.
Adjectives:
Adjectives are used to qualify a particular noun, to say something about it. It is important to remember that in Spanish they are usually placed after the noun. Since adjectives are always related to a noun, they have to agree with them in gender and number.
This means that if you want to say something about the noun “niño”, which is masculine and singular, the adjective that you use will also have to be masculine and singular. Thus, you can say “niño alto” (tall boy), “niño pequeño” (small boy), etc. If, on the other hand, if you were talking about a girl, you would have to say “niña alta” and “niña pequeña”.
Pronouns:
Pronouns substitute for nouns. For example, you can say “la niña está aquí” (the girl is here) or “ella está aquí” (she is here). In this case “ella” is substituting for “la niña”. The subject pronouns in Spanish are “yo” (I), “tú/usted/vos” (singular you), él (he), ella (she), nosotros (we), vosotros/ustedes (plural you), ellos (they).
The singular and plural “you” are used differently depending on the dialect of Spanish that you are using. It is important to remember that subject pronouns are frequently omitted in Spanish, since the ending of the verb already indicates this. Thus, native spears would say “estoy aquí” (I’m here) rather than “yo estoy aquí”.
Verbs:
Verbs indicate actions. Usually when you enumerate a verb, you use what is called the infinitive, for example “hablar” (to speak). In Spanish there are three different types of verbs, depending of how their infinitive ends. These different categories are called conjugations.
Thus, there are verbs ending in –ar, such as “hablar”, in -er “comer” (to eat) and in –ir “dormir” (to sleep). As mentioned before, verbs in Spanish have different endings depending on who the subject of the action is. These endings will vary from one conjugation to the other. For example, with the verb “hablar”, the singular “you” is “(tú) hablas”, whereas with “comer” it is “(tú) comes”. This can obviously be complicated for learners at the beginning, but once you get used to it, you will have no problem communicating effectively. Read more other articles about diverticulitis diet and slimming diet.
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